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The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) is a fundamental concept in object-oriented design, asserting that a class should have only one reason to change, focusing on a single responsibility. Part of the SOLID principles by Robert C. Martin, SRP aids in creating simpler, more maintainable, and extensible code.
A class with multiple responsibilities can complicate maintenance and increase bug risks, as changes in one area might affect others. For instance, a Report class handling generating, saving, and emailing reports violates SRP due to multiple change reasons. To comply with SRP, responsibilities should be delegated to separate components or services, allowing the main class to coordinate tasks without direct handling.