Dynamic cycling enhances battery lifetime
Laboratory ageing campaigns elucidate the complex degradation behaviour of most technologies. In lithium-ion batteries, such studies aim to capture realistic ageing mechanisms to optimize cell chemistries and designs as well as to engineer reliable battery management systems. In this study, we systematically compared dynamic discharge profiles representative of electric vehicle driving to the well-accepted constant current profiles. Surprisingly, we found that dynamic discharge enhances lifetime substantially compared with constant current discharge. Specifically, for the same average current and voltage window, varying the dynamic discharge profile led to an increase of up to 38% in equivalent full cycles at end of life. Explainable machine learning revealed the importance of both low-frequency current pulses and time-induced ageing under these realistic discharge conditions. This work quantifies the importance of evaluating new battery chemistries and designs with realistic load profiles, highlighting the opportunities to revisit our understanding of ageing mechanisms at the chemistry, material and cell levels.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) age through intertwined mechanisms that depend critically on conditions of use, as do solar cells, polymeric materials, biomedical devices and so on. Understanding how degradation occurs across realistic use cases is essential to accelerate material design and improve battery management systems1. As a well-accepted practice, the vast majority of laboratory battery studies are conducted under constant current discharge profiles2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. In actual use cases, however, LIBs are subjected to dynamic current profiles during discharge11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23.
