Although not widely studied, behavioral host manipulation by various pathogens has been documented. Host manipulation is the process by which a pathog

Hypothesized behavioral host manipulation by SARS-CoV2/COVID-19 infection

submited by
Style Pass
2022-10-06 21:00:21

Although not widely studied, behavioral host manipulation by various pathogens has been documented. Host manipulation is the process by which a pathogen evolves adaptations to manipulate the behavior of the host to maximize reproduction (Ro) of the pathogen. The most notable example is rabies. When a host is infected with the rabies virus it gets into the host’s central nervous system and triggers hyper aggression. The virus is also present in the rabid animal’s saliva so being bitten transmits the infection to a new host and the old host is left to eventually die if untreated. Toxoplasmosis is another example. When mice are infected they demonstrate a fearlessness toward cats, thus increasing their chances of being eaten. Toxoplasmosis needs the digestive tract of the feline to survive. Recent studies have shown that exposure to toxoplasmosis in humans (e.g., through cat feces) has also been associated with behavioral changes that are predicted to enhance the spread of the pathogen. Even the common influenza virus has been shown to selectively increase in-person sociality during the 48-hour incubation period, thus producing an obvious vector for transmission. Here we hypothesize that the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, which produces the COVID-19 disease may produce similar host manipulations that maximize its transmission between humans.

For viruses to spread, being transmissible is essential. Survival is the most critical goal for different pathogens and parasites, especially concerning their chances of reproduction. Past research has shown that behavioral host manipulation can occur to promote the best interest of the pathogen [1], [2]. Host manipulation can be viewed as adaptations that commandeer the behavior and actions of the host in ways that promote the reproductive best interests of the virus. Benefits may result in increased chances of transmission and survival. Host manipulation has been recognized in a number of pathogens such as toxoplasmosis, rabies, and influenza [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. It is important to mention that certain pathogens are neuro-invasive, and understanding how it targets and manipulates the central nervous system (CNS) can broaden possible questions about host manipulation [7], [8].

Leave a Comment