Chmod Calculator | Chmod Generator | Chmod Command

Chmod means ‘change mode’ and it changes file or directory mode bits (the way a file can be accessed). You can use chmod in the command line to change file or directory permissions on unix or unix-like systems such as linux or BSD.

Each file on a system has a set of permissions associated with it, meaning which users have access and what type of access they have.

File access, meaning permissions, can be represented alphanumerically (using symbols like r for read, w for write and x for execute) or using octal numeric values (755 for example).

Setuid and setgid (short for 'set user ID upon execution' and 'set group ID upon execution', respectively) are Unix access rights flags that allow users to run an executable with the permissions of the executable's owner or group respectively and to change behaviour in directories. They are often used to allow users on a computer system to run programs with temporarily elevated privileges in order to perform a specific task. While the assumed user id or group id privileges provided are not always elevated, at a minimum they are specific. Setuid for a directory

Setting the setgid permission on a directory ('chmod g+s') causes new files and subdirectories created within it to inherit its group ID, rather than the primary group ID of the user who created the file (the owner ID is never affected, only the group ID). Newly created subdirectories inherit the setgid bit. Thus, this enables a shared workspace for a group without the inconvenience of requiring group members to explicitly change their current group before creating new files or directories. Note that setting the setgid permission on a directory only affects the group ID of new files and subdirectories created after the setgid bit is set, and is not applied to existing entities.

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