Suppose that you have an isolated high security machine and you want to back up some of its data on another machine, which is also sensitive in its own way and which doesn't really want to have to trust the high security machine very much. Given the source machine's high security, you need to push the data to the backup host instead of pulling it. Because of the limited trust relationship, you don't want to give the source host very much power on the backup host, just in case. And you'd like to do this with standard tools that you understand.
I will cut to the chase: as far as I can tell, the easiest way to do this is to use rsync's daemon mode on the backup host combined with SSH (to authenticate either end and encrypt the traffic in transit). It appears that another option is rrsync, but I just discovered that and we have prior experience with rsync's daemon mode for read-only replication.
Rsync's daemon mode is controlled by a configuration file that can restrict what it allows the client (your isolated high security source host) to do, particularly where the client can write, and can even chroot if you run things as root. So the first ingredient we need is a suitable rsyncd.conf, which will have at least one 'module' that defines parameters: