Russia uses a custom Linux operating system in education institutions, its financial sector, state organs, and, most importantly, its military-industrial complex. The shift from modified versions of Windows to the domestic operating system Astra Linux is the result of the necessity for storing and processing highly confidential information.
Among other key factors that have pushed the Russian state to substitute the Microsoft Windows operating system, it’s worth mentioning the West’s adversarial attitude, economic sanctions, the cost of foreign software, and the fear of a lack of technical support in the near future.
On December 17, 2010, Vladimir Putin issued a decree ordering the transition of federal executive bodies to the use of free software. Since then, the Russian administration has made constant efforts to ditch Windows and reduce dependence on imported software.
Astra Linux is a Russian operating system based on Debian available for all types of devices and architectures. It is developed and maintained by Rusbitech, a Russian tech company specializing in the production of technology solutions for the Russian state, mainly for the army.