Gautam Adani is accused of conspiring to pay hundreds of millions of dollars to bribe Indian government officials to win energy contracts.
A New York judge has issued a warrant for Mr Adani's arrest, which will be given to foreign law enforcement, court records show.
Gautam Adani, the Indian billionaire behind Queensland's controversial Carmichael coal mine, has been charged in the US over an alleged multi-billion-dollar fraud scheme.
American authorities accuse the Adani Group chairman, his nephew Sagar Adani, and six associates of plotting to pay bribes to Indian government officials of more than $US265 million ($407 million).
Prosecutors also said the Adanis and another executive at Adani Green Energy, Vneet Jaain, raised several billion dollars in loans and bonds by concealing the corruption from lenders and investors.
According to court documents, some of the defendants referred privately to Gautam Adami with the code names "Numero uno" and "the big man".