The Science of Mitophagy: Urolithin A’s Impact on Mitochondrial Function and Aging
Urolithin A (UA), a metabolite derived from dietary polyphenols by the gut microbiota, has emerged as a pivotal molecule in the pursuit of healthy aging due to its ability to enhance mitochondrial function—a cornerstone of healthspan. This review evaluates the growing body of evidence quantifying the mitochondrial efficiency benefits of UA supplementation, particularly its role in promoting mitophagy, the selective removal of damaged mitochondria. Emerging studies demonstrate that UA improves muscle strength by up to 12%, enhances aerobic endurance, and reduces systemic inflammation, as evidenced by significant reductions in C-reactive protein (CRP). These outcomes underscore UA’s capacity to mitigate metabolic and neurodegenerative conditions, including osteoarthritis and insulin resistance. By improving mitochondrial quality, UA supports cellular energy production and combats hallmarks of aging, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. The evidence highlights UA’s potential as a targeted intervention for extending healthspan by addressing mitochondrial dysfunction, a central driver of age-related decline.
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